自去年12月份以來，來自非洲的茶葉集裝箱一直在巴基斯坦卡拉奇港堆積，還有更多集裝箱正在途中。但幾個(gè)月來，剛剛實(shí)現(xiàn)首次順利卸貨。巴基斯坦政府需要立即提供10億美元，并在未來支付85億美元來應(yīng)對(duì)該國(guó)的燃料費(fèi)用。
Containers of tea from Africa have been piling up at the port of Karachi since December, with more on the way, but for the first time in months, ships are unloading at a brisk pace. The government needs $1 billion immediately and $8.5 billion to pay the country’s fuel bills.
巴基斯坦海關(guān)官員估計(jì)，港口的8500個(gè)集裝箱中有95%等待信用證明，其中包括從非洲運(yùn)來的300個(gè)集裝箱中的近500萬公斤茶葉。
Pakistan customs officials estimate that 95% of the 8,500 containers in port await letters of credit, including almost 5 million kilos of tea in 300 containers shipped from Africa.
這個(gè)局面阻礙了價(jià)值數(shù)十億美元的原材料到達(dá)制造商手中。在3月12日，港務(wù)局處理了1024個(gè)入境集裝箱和2553個(gè)長(zhǎng)期拖延的集裝箱，這對(duì)于抵消484億美元的貿(mào)易逆差至關(guān)重要。
The logjam is preventing billion of dollars worth of raw materials from reaching manufacturers. During the weekend of March 12, port authorities processed 1,024 inbound containers and 2,553 containers filled with long-delayed exports essential to offset a $48.4 billion trade deficit.
本田、鈴木和豐田汽車的裝配線因供應(yīng)鏈嚴(yán)重中斷而關(guān)閉或縮減。航運(yùn)代理商本周通知巴基斯坦，如果積壓?jiǎn)栴}得不到解決，外國(guó)航運(yùn)公司將停止服務(wù)。DHL宣布將縮減運(yùn)營(yíng)，暫停進(jìn)口并限制出境運(yùn)輸。
Honda, Suzuki, and Indus Motor assembly lines are closed or curtailed due to severe disruption to their supply chains. Shipping agents this week advised Pakistan that foreign shipping lines will halt services if the backlog is not resolved. DHL announced it would scale back operations, suspend imports, and limit outbound shipments.
在3月22日齋月節(jié)慶期間，巴基斯坦茶葉零售價(jià)格飆升1000盧比至每公斤1600盧比。巴基斯坦茶葉協(xié)會(huì)(PTA)執(zhí)行委員Zeeshan Maqsood表示，茶葉價(jià)格將上漲至每公斤2500盧比(約合每公斤9.50美元)。
Tea retail prices surged by Rs1000 to Rs1,600 per kilo leading to the celebration of Ramazan on March 22. Prices could go as high as Rs2,500 per kilo (about $9.50 per kilo), according to Zeeshan Maqsood, an executive member of the Pakistan Tea Association (PTA).
去年，巴基斯坦從肯尼亞購買了2.34億公斤茶葉。為了打破僵局，伊斯蘭堡向肯尼亞提供了15萬噸大米，用于交換同等價(jià)值的茶葉。據(jù)東非茶葉貿(mào)易協(xié)會(huì)(ETTA)總經(jīng)理Edward Mudibo稱，蒙巴薩貿(mào)易商對(duì)這一互換表示歡迎。他告訴《非洲商業(yè)日?qǐng)?bào)》，“我們歡迎這一安排，因?yàn)殍b于巴基斯坦的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)，這種交換對(duì)我們有利。
Last year Pakistan purchased 234 million kilos of tea from Kenya. To resolve the impasse, Islamabad offered Kenya 150,000 metric tons of rice for tea of equivalent value. Mombasa traders welcomed the swap, according to East African Tea Trade Association (ETTA) Managing Director Edward Mudibo. He told Business Daily Africa, “We welcome this arrangement because it will work in our favor given the economic situation in Pakistan.”
非洲承擔(dān)巴基斯坦90%的紅茶進(jìn)口，而巴基斯坦又向阿富汗供應(yīng)87%的茶葉。根據(jù)Statista市場(chǎng)研究表明，到2023年，巴基斯坦的茶葉市場(chǎng)規(guī)模預(yù)計(jì)將到11.2億美元，下降4.3%。根據(jù)東非茶葉貿(mào)易協(xié)會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)，巴基斯坦和埃及每年從肯尼亞購買的茶葉占據(jù)其出口總量的55%，但自11月以來銷售額急劇下降。
Africa supplies 90% of Pakistan’s black tea imports, and Pakistan, in turn, supplies Afghanistan with 87% of its tea. In 2023 Pakistan’s tea market is expected to generate $1.12 billion, a 4.3% decline, according to Statista market research. Pakistan and Egypt buy 55% of Kenya’s tea exports annually, but sales have steeply declined since November, according to ETTA.
巴基斯坦目前正在與國(guó)際貨幣基金組織(IMF)進(jìn)行談判，以解鎖用于救助的11億美元。Pakistan is currently in talks with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to unlock the next tranche of $1.1 billion of a $6.5 billion bailout agreed upon in 2019.
本文章來源自《茶世界》2023年5月，總第495期
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