?分享幾個(gè)日常生活中可能用到的地道表達(dá)（17）
第17期
場景：日本茶文化
適合與老外打交道的茶友們
無論是聚會(huì)，參展，賣茶等都能用上
掰扯兩句中日茶文化的對(duì)比，會(huì)大大加分哦~?
Here are two types of tea ceremony - the Chanoyu, sometimes called the Matcha, and the Sencha.
日本茶道有兩種，一種是茶の湯（有時(shí)也稱為抹茶），一種是煎茶。
【wikipedia】解釋：
In?Japanese, it is called?chanoyu?(茶の湯)?or?sadō, chadō?(茶道), while the manner in which it is performed, or the art of its performance, is called?(o)temae?([お]手前; [お]點(diǎn)前).?
引自：Surak, Kristin (2013).?Making Tea, Making Japan: Cultural Nationalism in Practice. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p.?272.?ISBN?978-0-8047-7867-1.
The Chanoyu ceremony takes place in a wooden or bamboo teahouse called a Chashitsu.
日本茶道在木制或竹制的茶室進(jìn)行。
【wikipedia】解釋：
A?chashitsu?(茶室, "tea room") in?Japanese?tradition is an architectural space designed to be used for?tea ceremony?(chanoyu) gatherings.?
引自：A Chanoyu Vocabulary: Practical Terms for the Way of Tea,?entry for ?chashitsu . Tankosha Publishing Co., 2007.
Tea is one of the most popular drinks in Japan and a tea ceremony is a very important and special event. It is a time to relax and enjoy the loveliness of the simple things around you.
在日本，茶是流行的飲品之一，茶道則非常重要和獨(dú)特。人們可以從中享受閑適與簡素之美。
干貨分享
分享UKTEA&INFUSIONS網(wǎng)站關(guān)于茶文化的系列文章之一，原文名為《Japanese Tea Ceremonies》。文章短小精煉，雖然沒有文化歷史的深度加持，但以老外的視角來看，也直截了當(dāng)。
可用于整理對(duì)比。如果既看得懂，也能在適當(dāng)場合隨口說出，甚好。（翻譯為意譯，僅供參考）
The garden around the teahouse is very simple with lots of green plants rather than flowers, a small rock garden, and a stream. A path winds its way through the garden leading to the teahouse. （茶室所在的院子非常簡約，巖石細(xì)流，綠茵環(huán)繞。院里子有一條蜿蜒小路通往茶室。）
First you must wait at the entrance to the garden until you are calm and ready to enter. The Teishu or tea master welcomes you when you are in the garden. He or she brings fresh water for you drink and to wash your hands. Now you follow the Teishu along the path to the teahouse. （心靜如水后方可進(jìn)院，此時(shí)茶室的主人已在院里迎接。根據(jù)主人示意，客人先飲水后凈手，然后才沿著小路去茶室。）
【?Chanoyu World】解釋：
The Teishu?亭主, or “Master of the Pavilion” (for some reason Sekishu 席主 is not used here) is also known as “the East” or Tou 東. In modern Chinese it still means “owner; one who stands treat.” In Zen practice, the Abbot or retired Abbot lived in the “Eastern Hall 東堂” and was thus known as “Eastern Hall.” Even today, the properly built Zen main hall is known as the Abbot’s quarters or Hojo 方丈. The classical size of the Hojo is about 10 foot square which equals the size of the four and a half tatami room.
When doing temae the host has the guest on the right side. The guest might be seated on the left side, but then the temae is known as Gyakugatte.
Inside the teahouse, the Teishu makes the tea using powdered green tea called ?matcha . The tea is mixed with boiled water using a bamboo whisk and served in small bowls. （在茶室，主人把抹茶盛入小茶碗，倒沸水再用茶筅攪拌之，以示茶道。）
Guests sit on the floor around a low table. When the Teishu gives you your tea, bow, take your bowl with your left hand, and then hold it with your right hand.?Place the bowl in front of you and turn it to the right so that you don t drink from the side that was facing you. Usually the Teishu gives you a sweet cake or a mochi to eat as well because the tea is bitter. （客人圍著低腳茶桌席地而坐，鞠躬后，用左手接主人遞的茶碗，再換到右手端之?？腿诵枵鎸?duì)著茶碗并右轉(zhuǎn)之，以防有圖案的一面被喝掉。通常，主人備有甜點(diǎn)或糯米團(tuán)以解茶之苦味。）
When you have finished your tea turn the bowl to the left and place it on the table in front of you - you must drink it all! You turn the bowl to show the Teishu respect: it means that the edge of the cup he gave you was the best, but you are not good enough to drink from that side. Sometimes the guests share one bowl that they pass around. （飲畢，左轉(zhuǎn)茶碗并奉還到茶桌上，以示尊重。意思是，主人遞給客人杯子的那一面是最好的，你答謝其用心所以轉(zhuǎn)而飲之，再轉(zhuǎn)而還之。有時(shí)，客人們輪流傳遞用同一個(gè)茶碗。）
The Sencha ceremony, is more relaxed than the Chanoyu ceremony. The rules for serving the tea are traditional but the occasion is more easy-going for the tea drinkers. （相比抹茶，煎茶偏靈活。雖然奉茶的講究很傳統(tǒng)，但對(duì)客人來說，環(huán)境和場合更輕松一些。）
【wikipedia】解釋：
Sencha?(煎茶) is a type of Japanese?ryokucha?(緑茶,?green tea) which is prepared by infusing the processed whole tea leaves in hot water.
?This is as opposed to?matcha?(抹茶), powdered Japanese green tea, where the green tea powder is mixed with hot water and therefore the leaf itself is included in the beverage. Sencha is the most popular tea in Japan.
Most people in Japan don t have their own teahouse but they often belong to a ?tea club ?where they go every week to take part in the tea ceremony. （大部分日本人沒有自己的茶室，但他們往往是協(xié)會(huì)成員，每周相約茶道。）
這篇文章雖然沒把日本茶道鋪開來講，但可與中國茶文化，韓國茶文化，俄羅斯茶文化等對(duì)比理解（后兩者下期更新）。了解中國茶文化可點(diǎn)擊：茶相關(guān)的幾個(gè)英語表達(dá) - 茶文化與茶相關(guān)的幾個(gè)英語表達(dá) - 茶文化（這是兩篇哦~，名字一樣內(nèi)容互補(bǔ)）
1.?不定期更新tea time，內(nèi)容選自native speaker的原文片段。
2.?適合與老外交流茶葉的小伙伴，可增強(qiáng)茶葉方面的日常英語積累和表達(dá)。
3.?招募小伙伴一起玩兒茶。有激情和熱情，有想法又會(huì)玩的你，歡迎隨時(shí)私信。
4.?（空一行，等你一起來寫喲~）
整理：木禾火
photo from pinterest
? ?分享幾個(gè)日常生活中可能用到的地道表達(dá)（16）
第16期
場景：中國茶文化
適合與老外打交道的茶友們
無論是聚會(huì)，參展，賣茶等都能用上
嘴邊有那么幾句地道的表達(dá)，會(huì)加分的哦~?
The art of drinking and serving tea is an important and special event in China. It is a time to relax and enjoy the taste and the smell of the tea.
在中國，飲茶與奉茶的藝術(shù)重要且獨(dú)特。茶的滋味和香氣使人們享受其中。
The Chinese tea ceremony is all about the tea.?
中國茶文化專注于茶。
The smells and taste are the most important parts of the ceremony, so the rules for making and pouring the tea are not always the same.
香氣和滋味是茶的最重要組成部分，所以泡茶與倒茶的方式不一。
干貨分享
分享UKTEA&INFUSIONS網(wǎng)站關(guān)于茶文化的系列文章之一，原文名為《Chinese Tea Ceremonies》。文章短小精煉，雖然沒有文化歷史的深度加持，但以老外的視角來看，也直截了當(dāng)。
可用于收集整理。如果既看得懂，也能在適當(dāng)場合隨口說出，甚好。（翻譯為意譯，僅供參考）
In most areas of China the tea is made in small clay teapots. The pot is rinsed with boiling water and then the tea leaves are added to the pot using a bamboo scoop. The tea leaves are rinsed in hot water in the pot and then hot water is added to the leaves to make the tea.（中國大部分地區(qū)用小的泥壺泡茶。先熱水凈壺，再用竹勺撥些許茶葉放入。洗茶后，倒入熱水沖泡。）
The temperature of the water is important. It needs to be hot but if it is too hot it can spoil the taste. （水溫很關(guān)鍵。水溫要高但不能過高，否則會(huì)破壞滋味。）
The art of preparing and making tea is called Cha Dao.（這種準(zhǔn)備和沖泡茶的藝術(shù)被稱之為茶道。）
In less than a minute, the server pours the tea into small narrow cups but he doesn t pour one cup at a time. Instead the cups are arranged in a circle and the server pours the tea in all of them in one go. （沖泡時(shí)間不到一分鐘時(shí)，奉茶人將泡好的茶倒進(jìn)小而細(xì)長的杯子（注：也可以直接翻譯成聞香杯），但不能一次只倒一杯；相反，這些杯子擺成一圈，需先后都倒入茶。）
He fills the cups just over half way. The Chinese believe that the rest of the cup is filled with friendship and affection. （茶只倒半杯多，因?yàn)橹袊讼嘈帕舭滋幨乔檎x。）（注：也可以直接理解為茶倒七分滿，留三分是情誼。）
The server passes a cup to each guest and invites him or her to smell the tea first. You should thank him by tapping on the table three times with your finger. Next each guest pours their tea into a drinking cup and they are asked to smell the empty narrow cup. Finally they drink the tea. （奉茶人把聞香杯依次傳給賓客，請(qǐng)他們先聞香，而賓客則用手指敲三下桌面以示感謝。接著，賓客把聞香杯中的茶倒入品茗杯，細(xì)聞空杯香后再品飲。）
It is most polite to empty the cup in three swallows. （最禮貌的喝法是一杯茶分三口喝完。）
另一篇茶文化的英文表達(dá)，比今天這篇更詳盡一些，可點(diǎn)擊：茶相關(guān)的幾個(gè)英語表達(dá) - 茶文化
題外話：中國茶文化配得上"博大精深"四個(gè)字，如同"漢字"一樣。但漢字和英文之間由于文化差異做不到一對(duì)一完全匹配。所以，跳出固定思維，用老外的語言和思維來看中國茶文化，未嘗不是一個(gè)新視角。尤其在"一帶一路"下，茶葉想走出去，需先知道他們想要什么，對(duì)什么感興趣，用什么詞和句子才不會(huì)誤解。否則容易形成你說你好但我不覺得你好的尷尬。
1.?不定期更新tea time，內(nèi)容選自native speaker的原文片段。
2.?適合與老外交流茶葉的小伙伴，可增強(qiáng)茶葉方面的日常英語積累和表達(dá)。
3.?招募小伙伴一起玩兒茶。有激情和熱情，有想法又會(huì)玩的你，歡迎隨時(shí)私信。
4.?（空一行，等你一起來寫喲~）
整理：木禾火
photo from pinterest
已獲作者授權(quán)
分享幾個(gè)日常生活中可能用到的地道表達(dá)（16）
第16期
場景：茶文化
分享幾個(gè)關(guān)于茶文化的句子
適合茶葉銷售一線的小伙伴們和愛茶的人
用老外的思維和老外聊中國茶，更能恍然大悟，相見恨晚
In tea ceremony, space, emotion and interaction with nature are paramount to enhancing the emotional, moral, and aesthetic experience.?
空間、情感、互動(dòng)和自然在茶道里是最重要的，它強(qiáng)化了情感感知，修生養(yǎng)性和美學(xué)鑒賞。
Tea Houses are meant to be gathering places for people to drink tea, socialize, and maybe even have small bites to eat.?Just sitting, relaxing, and talking…and while sipping on some tea.
茶室提供給人們一個(gè)聚會(huì)的場所，可以喝茶、社交甚至品嘗點(diǎn)心。你只需要盡情的喝茶、放松和聊天就好了。
Throughout Chinese history, tea has been?seen as one of the seven daily necessities; accompanied by firewood, oil, salt, vinegar, soy sauce, and of course rice. ?
中國上下五千年的歷史里，茶始終是開門七件事之一：柴米油鹽醬醋茶。
干貨分享
在Peanuts or Pretzels上看到一篇文章，名為《Kungfu Tea? Understand Chinese Tea Culture & Ceremony》。作者是一個(gè)在廣州教英語的老外，初來中國時(shí)被茶吸引，學(xué)了不少新鮮玩意兒，她把這些體驗(yàn)寫了一篇老長的博客。這里挑幾個(gè)有用的表達(dá)，可以做日常英語口語積累，中文翻譯僅供參考。
Tea is not just tea in China. ?Chinese tea?culture is rooted deep in tradition, family, respect…and daily life. 在中國，茶不僅僅是茶。中國茶文化源于傳統(tǒng)、家庭、尊敬....和日常生活。
The tea shops are literally on every corner, across the street…and sometimes next door to each other.?茶館到處都是
The shops focus on selling the tea, and stock endless varieties. So there are tins, boxes, and many other containers everywhere — as well as cups, pots, filters, etc. ?茶館主要賣茶，也存貨各種其他的。所以有茶罐、茶盒和許多其他容器，也有各種茶杯、茶壺、茶漏等等。
There is always a tea table for tasting inside a tea shop, and usually, you can taste lots of tea for FREE. ?茶館里一般都設(shè)有茶桌，你可以坐著免費(fèi)品嘗茶
?It’s also a tradition to make a pot of tea after dinner, because it helps with digestion (better than coffee). 飯后一杯茶是種習(xí)俗，它有助于消化
While there are endless different kinds of tea, there are also different ways of storing them. ?茶的種類不同，存儲(chǔ)方式不同
Some people get the traditional “tea cakes” — which are a type of fermented and compact dried tea. ?發(fā)酵緊壓茶做成茶餅存儲(chǔ)
Tea cakes are labeled with the name, date, area where it came from and even the mountain!? Because all these things have a great impact on the quality and the taste. 茶餅被標(biāo)上名字，日期，地區(qū)甚至山頭，因?yàn)檫@些因素會(huì)影響茶的品質(zhì)和口感
The older a tea is, the darker it becomes — and the flavor will change over time with the age. ?茶越陳色澤越深，滋味也隨著時(shí)間變化
It’s fascinating to us to think of tea this way, just like wine.? And the prices are like wine too, with aged tea from prized mountains going for crazy amounts of money. 像酒一樣, 名山頭的年份茶時(shí)間越久價(jià)格越高
The process, and equipment, used for making tea can be a little different depending on the situation and the region in China. 環(huán)境和地方不同，喝茶的茶具和方式也不同
?If you want to refill your cup with tea, it is customary that you offer to fill everyone else’s cups at the table first!?Only AFTER you have filled everyone’s cup, then you may fill your own.?斟茶時(shí)，先給別人后給自己；在給每個(gè)人都斟好后，才能給自己倒
Clay pots are preferred because it is said that the little holes in the clay help to brew the tea better than the smooth surface of ceramic.?泥壺比瓷壺受歡迎，據(jù)說如果想泡杯好茶，泥料的小孔比瓷料的光面更給力
The overall idea is that the small size enhances the taste of the tea, and is also good for looks. 總的來說小尺寸的容器能增強(qiáng)香味，看上去也更美觀
The purpose of tea tables is to collect and drain the water that is spilled around the cups and over the table.?茶桌用于聚攏和排出灑在茶杯外或別處的水
A gaiwan — which is a sort of bowl (bigger than the tea cups) with a lid and a saucer. 蓋碗，是比茶杯稍大一些的碗，配有蓋子和碟子
Wake up the tea —?Try your best to cover all the tea and swirl it for a few moments, then pour it out using the lid as a sort of strainer. 醒茶，盡量蓋住所有茶葉，旋轉(zhuǎn)幾下，用蓋子做濾網(wǎng)將水倒出
Tea cups are small, allowing for only a few sips – or one big drink. 茶杯很小，適合幾小口抿或一大口飲
It is customary to wait to drink your tea until everyone has been served, and traditionally, after the oldest or highest level person drinks their tea. 靜待，直到所有人都杯中有茶；傳統(tǒng)上，一般是長者或尊者先飲
It takes many rounds of making tea for the leaves to fully open up with the true flavor. 反復(fù)沖泡茶葉有利于原始風(fēng)味的徹底釋放
Regardless if it is a formal or informal setting after?tea has been poured into your cup, it is customary to tap your index and middle finger on the table as a way of saying “thank you.” 不管是正式或非正式場合，當(dāng)茶水倒入茶杯后，為表示對(duì)倒茶人的感謝，需用食指和中指輕扣桌面。這是一種習(xí)俗。
Traditionally, younger people show their respect to older people by offering cups of tea. ?Also, inviting elders to restaurants for traditional tea is a typical holiday activity. 傳統(tǒng)上，年輕人奉茶給長輩以示尊重；邀請(qǐng)長輩去茶館喝茶也是一個(gè)獨(dú)特的假日活動(dòng)。
When children are older and leave home, it is important that they return to visit the family and drink tea. 如果小孩或老人離開了家鄉(xiāng)，當(dāng)他們回家后拜訪親戚共飲一杯茶是非常重要的
Coming together over a cup of tea really is a family tradition. 坐在一起喝杯茶是一種家庭傳統(tǒng)
One ritual that is quite important during the wedding ceremony is for the bride and groom to kneel in front of their parents and offer them tea. 婚禮上的茶禮儀非常重要，新郎新娘跪在父母面前敬奉一杯茶
?It is a way to show their gratitude for raising them and to say thank you for everything they have given them. 感謝養(yǎng)育之恩，感謝所有的饋贈(zèng)
1.?不定期更新tea time，內(nèi)容選自native speaker的原文片段。
2.?適合與老外交流茶葉的小伙伴，可增強(qiáng)茶葉方面的日常英語積累和表達(dá)。
3.?招募小伙伴一起玩兒茶。有激情和熱情，有想法又會(huì)玩的你，歡迎隨時(shí)私信。
4.?（空一行，等你一起來寫喲~）
整理：木禾火
